psych midterm pointers

Visual elements that permit lines, curves, or movement to continue in a direction already established tend to be group together.
Visual elements near each other are seen as belonging together.
visual elements that form regular, simple, well-balance shapes
The scientific study of behavior and mind.
It is a consequence that occurs after a behavior and decreases the chances that
the behavior will occur again.
It is a consequence that occurs after a behavior and increases the chances that the behavior will occur again.
It is the process of transforming chemical reactions into nerve impulses that will carried to the brain
What kind of respondent(s) did B.F. Skinner used in his experiment?
How did the chimpanzee able to get the banana hanging on the ceiling?
What particular type of learning exhibited in the experiment of Woflgang Kohler?
Considered as the largest sense organ of the human body.
Responsible for olfactory.
our tongue is responsible for
basic tastes
It is the process by which sensory stimulation is organized into usable experience.
It is shaped like immature onions buried in the trenches on the surface of the tongue and are receptors for taste.
Part of the ear derived from the Greek term whose meaning is “snail shell”.
For sensation to occur there must be two elements
Light waves is for the eyes; sound waves is for the ears
For normal vision of the person, how many cones he/she must have
Combination of taste and smell.
he was responsible of formulating the laws of effect, readiness and exercise.
the malleus, the incus and stapes
The simple experience that arises from the stimulation of the sense organ is called sensation
Vision is mainly concerned with the color, form, distance, and three dimensional extension of objects.
Sclerotic coat is rich in blood vessels and contains the color of the eye.
The hard outermost covering of the eye is called retina.
The lens are shaped like tiny cylinders.
A condition brought on by the hardening of the lens because of age is called Old sightedness or myopia.
Monochromats refer to total color blindness.
The cornea becomes irregular; causing distortion on the image on the retina is called Diplopia.
Dichromats caused by muscular imbalance, which permits light reflected from point to fall on the corresponding receptors.
Ear, organ of hearing and balance. It is composed of three divisions – external, middle, and internal.
The middle ear is that portion of the hearing apparatus lateral to the eardrum.
The internal ear is on the inner side of the eardrum, embodies mechanism for the conduction of sound waves to the internal ear.
The outer ear is the part of the temporal bone.
Nose, muscular organ in the mouth, the primary organ of taste.
Gustation, is called because its stimuli are various chemicals that are carried by the air.
Eyes, organ of smell, and also part of the apparatus of respiration and voice.
The ability to transfer one’s thoughts to another or to read the thoughts of another person is called precognition.
Telepathy is the ability to foretell future events.
Reinforcement is a consequence that occurs after a behavior and increases the chances that will occur again.
Punishment is response that can be modified by this consequence and is a meaningful unit of doing behavior that can be measured easily.
Compare and contrast classical conditioning from operant conditioning.
How does reward and punishments works in the control of human behavior?
Compare and contrast sensation and perception.
stages of productive-thinking problem
this proceeds toward an analysis of the problem by looking for the logic of the situation and then seeking one solution which accounts for all the facts.
the problem is analyzed and the styles of the problem analysis come into play.
an example of this stage in the solution of productive thinking problem was the experience of Archimedes who shouted “Eurekas” because of excitement.
the problem solver retreats from the problem to get a fresh perspective on the situation.
the individual must describe solution so that others can understand just how it fits the problem
values of thinking.
refers to an original way of perceiving the world.
levels of creativity .
this level of creativity the behavior is free from prior formal training and is unrehearsed.
in this level of creativity, the person acquires more skills and manipulates concrete elements Ingeniously.
it is also the ability to solve problems in new and original ways.
laws of learning
this law of learning stresses needs motivation of learners through building up of the proper background an d fostering the proper mindset.
this states if the responses are rewarded and the reward is satisfying, the connection behavior is strong.
involves perception and knowledge necessary in order to learn with understanding.
it is also called instrumental conditioning.
it is simply a change in behavior – a form of adaptation an a mode of adjustment.
a kind of learning in which a neutral stimulus acquires the ability to produce a response that was originally produced by different stimuli.
involves the direct transmission of thought from one person to another.
american psychologist known for his study on operant conditioning.
indicates linguistic skill such as speaking, writing, reading and reciting.
the ability to perceive objects or events that do not directly stimulate our sense organs.
refers to the combination of the different sensations and the utilization of past experiences in recognizing objects and facts where the present stimulation arises